May 8, 2024,YingSchool of Liberal Arts, Northwest Normal UniversityInvitation,Professor of the French National Academy of Sciences，Former Director of the Institute of East Asian Languages、Famous Sinologist Luo DuanWritten questions for teachers and students of the collegefor《The historical stability of 188bet online betting website grammar》's academic lecture, this lecture is also"Brief Reading of Northwest" Workshop 188bet online betting website. 87。The lecture was hosted by Professor Hong Shuai from the School of Liberal Arts of Northwest Normal University，Associate Professor Huang Haiying, School of Liberal Arts, Northwest Normal University、Professor Yang Tongjun of the School of International Cultural Exchange、Associate Professor Zhang Shuo and Philology, School of Foreign Languages、Linguistics、Master’s degree students in ancient literature and other fields、Nearly 30 people including doctoral studentsParticipate。
Mr. Luo Duan’s first work on the evolution of language borrowed a lot of terminology from the theory of evolution: such as"Stable"、"Unstable"、"Stable Evolution"、"Change"、"Change rate"、"Competition" etc.。However，The concept of "contingency" is never mentioned。The internal evolution of language should be viewed as progress、Phenomena not related to evolution or progress，It can basically be regarded as an accidental phenomenon。Greenberg created the “word order typology” and the “stability” of connotation、The concept of "unstable"，He uses 188bet online betting website as his perspective，Considers that the concept of "language stability" itself cannot be regarded as an intrinsic part of human language，It cannot be regarded as the principle of universal grammar。General scholars believe that "disharmonious" languages are more unstable than "harmonious" languages。Although the "stability" of a language is determined by the considerations of linguists，Many scholars also believe that "stability" should be regarded as an internal component of universal grammar in human language。In this regard，As a historically "disharmonious" language，188bet online betting website is a representative language。Mr. Luo said，In other words，Verbs do not “become” prepositions，Nouns will not “become” postpositions，In other words, there is no verb unless it changes from a verb to a preposition，Instead, a new entry is added to the language vocabulary，Such lexical enrichment basically does not involve syntactic evolution。
Subsequently，Mr. Luo analyzed the grammatical phenomena that have never changed in 188bet online betting website、The innovative grammatical phenomena of the 188bet online betting website language in the historical process、The evolution of 188bet online betting website in history, etc.，Some examplesAfter the "disharmonious" frame prepositional phrase appears，Never disappeared again，still commonly used in modern 188bet online betting website。Mr. Luo expressed in the evolution of 188bet online betting website language in history，Talking about an important change in 188bet online betting website，The distribution of adverbials can be mentioned。This change can be regarded as a representative of the syntactic changes in the history of 188bet online betting website，It is completely orthogonal to the issue of "harmony"。In the context of SVO word order unchanged，From Shang Dynasty to Modern 188bet online betting website，The distribution of adverbials has changed significantly。This reflects the change in format of the verb phrase。More precisely，In the earliest documents，Adverbials (whether noun phrases or prepositional phrases) can appear in three positions: before the subject、Between subject and verb，or after the verb (after the object)。The complement must appear after the verb (unless it is the focus in a cleft sentence)，Contrast with the distribution of argument complements。
Mr. Luo focused on itThe case of “OV” word order，In Oracle，The structure of "copulative + O + V" is used to express the focus of O。Although O appears before the verb，But it cannot be regarded as the phenomenon of object fronting，Other NP or PP can use the same structure to represent focus。From a syntactic point of view，The focus word is the object of the copula，Instead of the object of the following verb，Therefore, structurally, "copulative + NP/PP" forms a cleft sentence that conforms to VO word order。In Oracle，Only 6% of sentences showing SOV word order。Object appearing before the verb，Noun phrase、Prepositional phrase、Pronoun，The most common situation is to use the copulas "Wei" and "Hui" to create an object focus sentence，In syntax，“Wei/Hui+O” should be regarded as a cleft sentence，The copulas "WEI" and "HUI" should be regarded as the main verbs of cleft sentences。Strictly speaking，In syntax，The object is the object of "WEI/HUI" instead of the object of "F"，Therefore，The position where it appears (that is, after "WEI/HUI") still shows the normal word order of VO。It is precisely because "Wei/Hui" is a copula used to construct a cleft sentence，Only with components other than object (i.e. non-argument) can it also be used as focus。Mr. Luo concluded，First, the word order “S-WEI/HUI O-V” clearly reflects the VO form，Does not reflect OV form；Second, "Wei/Hui" must not be regarded as an "object marker" or a "preposition"。
At the end of the lecture, Mr. Luo talked about Tang Wang’s wordsThe problem of OV word order and VO word order。In Tang Wang dialect，In sentences without flags，The object of the object specified with quantity always appears after the verb。In the structure combining verb and object，The object of the object can also only appear after the verb。This can be proven after the verb，Obviously there is a grammatical position for the subject。Therefore it can be inferred that VO word order is still the basic underlying word order of Tangwang dialect，Negative words、Adverb、Auxiliary verbs and other verbs must appear before the verb，This is consistent with the VO word order。Although OV word order is the most common word order in Tangwang dialect，But this does not mean that OV word order is the basic word order。Visible，The two word sequences of Tangwang dialect VO and OV are complementary and do not show any difference in emphasis，Therefore, it is speculated that Tangwang dialect does not represent the stage of grammatical transition from VO to OV。
In the interactive session of the lecture，Professor Hong Shuai first thanked Mr. Luo Duan for his wonderful lecture，And summarized and summarized the content of this lecture，I think the 188bet online betting website word order discussed in Mr. Luo Duan’s lecture is a very important issue，Some word orders in ancient 188bet online betting website are slightly different from those in modern 188bet online betting website，Our current 188bet online betting website isSVO word order，But there are some SOV phenomena in ancient 188bet online betting website，Mr. Luo Duan used many examples to illustrate that our modern 188bet online betting website has actually been SVO word order from ancient times to the present，But there may be some innovations in the middle，There are some SOV phenomena，Also mentioned a very controversial Tang-Wang dialect issue。Mr. Luo then spoke to Professor Yang Tongjun of the School of International Cultural Exchange of Northwest Normal University、Associate Professor Huang Haiying, School of Liberal Arts、Associate Professor Zhang Shuo of the School of Foreign Languages on the research and development of focus marks in Oracle、The correlation between Tangwang dialect and Hezhou dialect、An enthusiastic response and in-depth discussion on language protection and other issues。
The end of the lecture，The guests took a group photo，This academic lecture ended successfully。
From left to right: Zhang Shuo、Yang Tongjun、Luo Duan、Hong Shuai、Huang Haiying
(Writer:Yan Lining）
Speaker’s introduction:
Luo Duan(Redouane Djamouri），Researcher at the Institute of East Asian Languages of the French National Academy of Sciences，Mainly engaged in research on Oracle grammar、Research on Ancient 188bet online betting website Grammar，Research on Northwest 188bet online betting website Grammar, etc.。Formerly Director of the Institute of East Asian Languages of the French National Academy of Sciences，Vice President of the International 188bet online betting website Linguistic Society，Member of the Committee of the French Sinological Society、Secretary-General of the European 188bet online betting website Language Association and other positions。
Attachment:"Briefly Reading Northwest" workshop has been held event directory
188bet online betting website.Issue 1丨Lecture 1: Zhang Defang: Bamboo Slip Studies and Northwest Han Bamboo Bamboo Slips (Thursday, November 18, 2021)
188bet online betting website.Issue 3丨Lecture 3: Zhang Xiancheng: Bamboo bamboo slips research must be good at the comprehensive application of multi-disciplinary knowledge - taking the interpretation of Northwest Han Dynasty bamboo slips as an example (Friday, November 26, 2021)
188bet online betting website.Issue 4丨Lecture 4: Cao Jianguo: Misplacement、New edition or a proven tool—Some thoughts on Anda’s "Shi" slips (Tuesday, December 28, 2021)
188bet online betting website.Issue 5丨Lecture 5: Hu Pingsheng: Introduction to Slip Collection (Thursday, May 12, 2022)
188bet online betting website.Issue 6丨Lecture 6: Liu Zhao: Supplementary Commentary on the Han Bamboo Slips "Xiangjian Dao" (Thursday, June 16, 2022)
188bet online betting website.Issue 7丨Lecture 7: Hong Shuai: Overview of Thirty Years of Research on Xuanquan Han Slips
Study 1: Study of "Xuanquan Han Bamboo Slips (1)" (1) (Duan Li，Saturday, June 18, 2022)
188bet online betting website.Issue 8丨Lecture 8: Shao Yonghai: Textual Research and Interpretation of the Words "Anti-Prostitution" on Peking University Han Bamboo Slips (Thursday, June 23, 2022)
188bet online betting website.Issue 9丨Lecture 9: Hong Shuai: A brief introduction to the variation of diachronic structure of compound words
Study 2: Study of "Xuanquan Han Slips (1)" (2) (Duan Li，Sunday, June 26, 2022)
188bet online betting website.Issue 10丨Lecture 10: Zhang Junmin: Compilation, research and reflection on the Han Dynasty bamboo slips in Xuanquan (Thursday, June 30, 2022)
188bet online betting website.188bet online betting website. 11丨Lecture 11: Feng Shengli: The important position in "The Analects" is mine、My rhymes—also corrected with unearthed documents (Thursday, July 14, 2022)
188bet online betting website.Issue 12丨Lecture 12: Meng Pengsheng: Essay on the pronunciation and meaning of the word "㐁(簟)" in "Shuowen" (Thursday, July 21, 2022)
188bet online betting website.Issue 13丨Study 3: Study of "Xuanquan Han Bamboo Slips (1)" (3) (Liang Xuanqing、Cheng Ruijie，Saturday, July 23, 2022)
188bet online betting website.Issue 14丨Lecture 13: Liu Zhao: Talk about "Arrow Feather" (Thursday, August 4, 2022)
188bet online betting website.Issue 15丨Study 4: "Xuanquan Han Bamboo Slips (1)" Study (4) (Jiao Jiayao、Zhang Min，Sunday, October 16, 2022)
188bet online betting website.Issue 16丨Lecture 14: Zhu Qingzhi: Greatness can help the world，Being poor means being alone - in memory of my teacher Mr. Peng Duo (Wednesday, October 19, 2022)
188bet online betting website.Issue 17丨Study 5: "Xuanquan Han Bamboo Slips (1)" Study (5) (Zhang Min、Zhao Mengru，Sunday, October 23, 2022)
188bet online betting website.Issue 18丨Lecture 15: Yang Lin: Talk about the version of "The Golden Lotus" (Wednesday, October 26, 2022)
188bet online betting website.Issue 19丨Study 6: "Xuanquan Han Bamboo Slips (1)" Study (6) (Zhang Lingyan、Cai Zhangli，Sunday, October 30, 2022)
188bet online betting website.Issue 20丨Lecture 16: Lei Hanqing: Discussing issues related to the revision of "188bet online betting website Dictionary"—taking synonym relationship annotation as an example (Tuesday, November 1, 2022)
188bet online betting website.Issue 21丨Study 7: Study of "Xuanquan Han Bamboo Slips (1)" (7) (Cai Zhangli、Dong Qiangshan，Sunday, November 6, 2022)
188bet online betting website.Issue 22丨Lecture 17: Wei Desheng: The Collection of Words in "Cangjie Pian" and "Shuowen"——(Wednesday, November 9, 2022)
188bet online betting website.Issue 23丨Study 8: Study of "Xuanquan Han Bamboo Slips (1)" (8) (Dong Qiangshan、Yan Lining，Sunday, November 13, 2022)
188bet online betting website.Issue 24丨Lecture 18: Min Chunfang: Language Contact Phenomenon in the Gansu, Qinghai, and Huang regions (Wednesday, November 16, 2022)
188bet online betting website.Issue 25丨Study 9: "Xuanquan Han Bamboo Slips (1)" Study (9) (Yan Lining、Zhang Hanwen，Wednesday, November 23, 2022)
188bet online betting website.Issue 26丨Study 10: Study of "Xuanquan Han Bamboo Slips (1)" (10) (Zhang Hanwen、Jiao Jiayao，Wednesday, November 30, 2022)
188bet online betting website.Issue 27丨Study 11: Study of "Xuanquan Han Bamboo Slips (1)" (11) (Zhang Min、Zhao Mengru，Wednesday, December 7, 2022)
188bet online betting website.Issue 28丨Study 12: Study of "Xuanquan Han Bamboo Slips (1)" (12) (Cai Zhangli、Dong Qiangshan，Wednesday, December 14, 2022)
188bet online betting website.Issue 29丨Study 13: Study of "Xuanquan Han Bamboo Slips (1)" (Thirteen) (Cai Zhangli、Dong Qiangshan，Monday, March 20, 2023)
188bet online betting website.Issue 30丨Lecture 19: Hong Shuai: Study and Reading Methods of Northwest Han Bamboo Bamboo Bamboo Bamboos (Monday, March 27, 2023)
188bet online betting website.Issue 31丨Lecture 20: Hong Shuai: Guidelines for studying "Xuanquan Han Bamboo Slips" (Monday, April 3, 2023)
188bet online betting website.Issue 32丨Lecture 21: Li Shoukui: The discovery and arrangement of Chu bamboo slips (Monday, April 10, 2023)
188bet online betting website.Issue 33丨Lecture 22: Li Shoukui: Bamboo slip studies、188bet online betting website Language and Philology Doctoral Students Guidance Meeting (Monday, April 10, 2023)
188bet online betting website.Issue 34丨Lecture 23: Li Shoukui: Reorganizing the Xinyang Dismissal Slips (Tuesday, April 11, 2023)
188bet online betting website.Issue 35丨Lecture 24: Li Shoukui: Review and Prospects of Research on Bamboo Sketches: Discipline Construction of Sketches and Sketches and Young Teacher Training Symposium (Tuesday, April 11, 2023)
188bet online betting website.Issue 36丨Lecture 25: Li Shoukui: Dissertation Topic Selection and Writing (Wednesday, April 12, 2023)
188bet online betting website.Issue 37丨Lecture 26: He Maohuo: Practice and reflection on the revision principle of "Strict and cautious" revision of "188bet online betting website Dictionary" (Wednesday, April 12, 2023)
188bet online betting website.Issue 38丨Meeting 1: "Study of Bamboo Slips and Unearthed Documents" (Second Edition) Review Meeting and Third Edition Editing Seminar
188bet online betting website.Issue 39丨Meeting 2: Slip Research Center: Professor Li Shoukui’s experience summary of Lanzhou trip series activities and learning insights symposium (Thursday, April 14, 2023)
188bet online betting website.Issue 40丨Study 14: Study of "Xuanquan Han Bamboo Slips (1)" (14) (Dong Qiangshan、Zhang Hanwen，Monday, April 17, 2023)
188bet online betting website.Issue 41丨Study 15: Study of "Xuanquan Han Bamboo Slips (1)" (15) (Zhang Hanwen、Zhang Lingyan，Monday, April 24, 2023)
188bet online betting website.Issue 42丨Lecture 27: Chen Xiaoqiang: A preliminary study on the problem of pictophonetic differentiation of 188bet online betting website characters seen in "Xuanquan Han Bamboo Slips" (Friday, April 28, 2023)
188bet online betting website.Issue 43丨Study 16: Study of "Xuanquan Han Bamboo Slips (1)" (16) (Zhang Lingyan、Zheng Xianjiao，Monday, May 8, 2023)
188bet online betting website.Issue 44丨Study 17: "Xuanquan Han Bamboo Slips (1)" Study (17) (Zheng Xianjiao、Gan Ting，Monday, May 15, 2023)
188bet online betting website.Issue 46丨Study 18: Study of "Xuanquan Han Bamboo Slips (1)" (18) (Gan Ting、Wang Shanyun，Monday, May 22, 2023)
188bet online betting website.Issue 47丨Study 19: Study of "Xuanquan Han Bamboo Slips (1)" (19) (Wang Shanyun、Cheng Meiling，Monday, May 29, 2023)
188bet online betting website.Issue 48丨Study 20: "Xuanquan Han Bamboo Slips (1)" Study (20) (Cheng Meiling、Shi Wenxin，Monday, June 5, 2023)
188bet online betting website.Issue 49丨Study 21: Study of "Xuanquan Han Bamboo Slips (1)" (Twenty-one) (Shi Wenxin、Qin Wenxia，Monday, June 12, 2023)
188bet online betting website.Issue 50丨Study 22: Study of "Xuanquan Han Bamboo Slips (1)" (Twenty-two) (Qin Wenxia，Monday, June 12, 2023)
188bet online betting website.Issue 51丨Lecture 29: Hong Shuai: The Form and Writing of Bamboo Slips (Tuesday, June 20, 2023)
188bet online betting website.Issue 52丨Study 23: Study of "Xuanquan Han Bamboo Slips (3)" (1) (Dong Qiangshan，Monday, July 11, 2023)
188bet online betting website.Issue 53丨Lecture 30: Zhu Qingzhi: Why does “bed” mean both bedding and seating in Medieval 188bet online betting website (Thursday, July 13, 2023)
188bet online betting website.Issue 54丨Lecture 31: Fu Junlian: Test of the word "中" in Tsinghua Bamboo Slips "Baoxun Chapter" (Tuesday, July 18, 2023)
188bet online betting website.Issue 55丨Study 24: Study of "Xuanquan Han Bamboo Slips (3)" (2) (Cai Zhangli，Tuesday, July 25, 2023)
188bet online betting website.Issue 56丨Conference 3: The Second Academic Symposium on Bamboo Slip Studies and Language and Character Research in Unearthed Documents (Saturday, August 5, 2023)
188bet online betting website.Issue 57丨Meeting 4: Conference Summary and Experience Sharing: Conference Summary and Experience Sharing of the Second Academic Symposium on Bamboo Slip Studies and Unearthed Document Language and Character Research (Monday, August 7, 2023)
188bet online betting website.Issue 58丨Lecture 32: Jiang Jicheng: Symposium on Bamboo Slip Language and Writing Research (Tuesday, August 8, 2023)
188bet online betting website.188bet online betting website. 59丨Meeting 5: Summarizing the past，Looking to the future - Orientation meeting of the Slip Research Center and the first meeting of the 2023 autumn semester (Sunday, September 9, 2023, Saturday)
188bet online betting website.Issue 60丨Lecture 33: Hong Shuai: Basics and Research Paths of Bamboo Slips (Wednesday, September 13, 2023)
188bet online betting website.Issue 61丨Lecture 34: Hong Shuai: Summary of Classification of Northwest Han Bamboo Slips (Wednesday, September 20, 2023)
188bet online betting website.Issue 62丨Simplified 188bet online betting website Seasonal Order，Voices from Slips: Slip Culture Popularization Week (Tuesday, September 19, 2023)
188bet online betting website.Issue 63丨Lecture 35: Cheng Bangxiong: Elements of meaning in the interpretation of unearthed documents (Sunday, September 24, 2023)
188bet online betting website.Issue 64丨Study 25: Study of "Xuanquan Han Bamboo Slips (3)" (3) (Zhang Lingyan，Tuesday, September 27, 2023)
188bet online betting website.Issue 65丨Study 26: Study of "Xuanquan Han Bamboo Slips (3)" (4) (Yan Lining，Wednesday, October 11, 2023)
188bet online betting website.Issue 66丨Lecture 36: Wei Desheng: Talking about literary vocabulary (Tuesday, October 17, 2023)
188bet online betting website.Issue 67丨Study 27: Study of "Xuanquan Han Bamboo Slips (3)" (5) (Chang Wenqi，Wednesday, October 18, 2023)
188bet online betting website.Issue 68丨Study 28: Study of "Xuanquan Han Bamboo Slips (3)" (6) (Zhang Yingsa，Wednesday, October 25, 2023)
188bet online betting website.Issue 69丨Study 29: Study of "Xuanquan Han Bamboo Slips (3)" (7) (Yang Sunxia，Wednesday, November 01, 2023)
188bet online betting website.Issue 70丨Study 30: Study of "Xuanquan Han Bamboo Slips (3)" (8) (Li Xiawei，Wednesday, November 08, 2023)
188bet online betting website.Issue 71丨Study 31: Study of "Xuanquan Han Bamboo Slips (3)" (9) (Xu Shuqi，Wednesday, November 15, 2023)
188bet online betting website.Issue 72丨Study 32: Study of "Xuanquan Han Bamboo Slips (3)" (10) (Gao Yaru，Wednesday, November 22, 2023)
188bet online betting website.Issue 73丨Study 33: Study of "Xuanquan Han Bamboo Slips (3)" (11) (Cong Chenchen，Wednesday, November 29, 2023)
188bet online betting website.Issue 74丨Study 34: Study of "Xuanquan Han Bamboo Slips (3)" (12) (Cai Zhangli，Wednesday, December 06, 2023)
188bet online betting website.Issue 75丨Study 35: Study of "Xuanquan Han Bamboo Slips (3)" (13) (Zhang Lingyan，Wednesday, December 13, 2023)
188bet online betting website.Issue 76丨Study 36: Study of "Xuanquan Han Bamboo Slips (3)" (14) (Yan Lining，Wednesday, December 20, 2023)
188bet online betting website.Issue 77丨Study 37: Study of "Xuanquan Han Bamboo Slips (3)" (15) (Xu Shuqi，Wednesday, December 27, 2023)
188bet online betting website.Issue 78丨Lecture 37: Hong Shuai: Study of "Dunhuang Xuanquan Site: Field Excavation Report 1990-1992" (Wednesday, February 28, 2024)
188bet online betting website.Issue 79丨Study 38: Study of "Xuanquan Han Bamboo Slips (3)" (16) (Cong Chenchen，Wednesday, March 6, 2024)
188bet online betting website.Issue 80丨Lecture 38: Zhang Junmin: "Methods and Practices of Interpretation of Slip Texts" (Wednesday, March 13, 2024)
188bet online betting website.Issue 81丨Study 39: Study of "Xuanquan Han Bamboo Slips (3)" (17) (Li Xiawei，Wednesday, March 20, 2024)
188bet online betting website.Issue 82丨Study 40: Study of "Xuanquan Han Bamboo Slips (3)" (18) (Li Xiawei，Wednesday, March 27, 2024)
188bet online betting website.Issue 83丨Study 41: Study of "Xuanquan Han Bamboo Slips (3)" (19) (Qixin，Wednesday, April 3, 2024)
188bet online betting website.Issue 84丨Study 42: Study of "Xuanquan Han Bamboo Slips (3)" (20) (Chen Zhilan，Wednesday, April 10, 2024)
188bet online betting website.Issue 85丨Study 43: Study of "Xuanquan Han Bamboo Slips (3)" (Twenty-one) (Cong Chenchen，Wednesday, April 17, 2024)
188bet online betting website.Issue 86丨Study 44: Study of "Xuanquan Han Bamboo Slips (3)" (Twenty-two) (Xu Shuqi，Wednesday, April 24, 2024)
188bet online betting website.Issue 87丨Lecture 39:[法]Luo Duan(Redouane Djamouri): "The Historical Stability of 188bet online betting website Grammar" (Wednesday, May 8, 2024)