Northwestern Normal University Secretarial Major Course Syllabus
Official document 188bet apk
1. Description
(1) Nature of the course
This course is a core required course for secretarial majors，It is a basic course to cultivate students with certain application abilities，Has strong practicality、Procedural and practical。
(2) Teaching purposes
The teaching purpose of this course is to enable students to master the basic knowledge of social application 188bet apk and the 188bet apk methods of common styles，And on this basis, go through corresponding exercises and training，Improve your 188bet apk skills in application documents，To engage in secretarial work、File、PR、News reports、Lay the foundation for financial management and other literary social work。
(3) Teaching content
This course starts withEdited by Pei Xiansheng"Application 188bet apk" (Higher Education Press 2nd edition 2005)is a basic textbook.Lectures focus on the basic content of the textbook，And add some relevant knowledge that is not covered in this textbook but is necessary。Specific contents include:Features and functions of practical articles、Establishment and expression of theme、Material collection and selection、Structural Arrangement and Adjustment、Manuscript drafting and revision、Official document 188bet apk、Business document 188bet apk、Business document 188bet apk、Judicial Document 188bet apk、188bet apk etiquette documents, etc.。
(4) Teaching 188bet apk
This course is offered in two semesters, each semester18week, every week3credit 188bet apk, total108Course 188bet apk.
| Serial number | Content | credit 188bet apk |
| 1 | Chapter 1 The origin, characteristics and functions of practical 188bet apk | 4 |
| 2 | Section 1 The emergence and development of practical 188bet apk (2 credit hours) | 2 |
| 3 | Section 2 Characteristics and functions of practical 188bet apk (2 hours) | 2 |
| 4 | Chapter 2 Authors, texts and readers of practical articles | 6 |
| 5 | Section 1Author of practical articles (2 credit 188bet apk) | 2 |
| 6 | Section 2Text of practical essays (3 188bet apk) | 3 |
| 7 | Section 3Reader of practical articles (1 credit hour) | 1 |
| 8 | Chapter 3 The 188bet apk process of practical essays | 10 |
| 9 | Section 1Objective needs are the cause of practical 188bet apk (2 hours) | 2 |
| 10 | Section 2Investigation and research are the prerequisite for practical 188bet apk (3 hours) | 3 |
| 11 | Section 3Correct expression is the key to practical 188bet apk (3 hours) | 3 |
| 12 | Section 4Revising and finalizing the draft is the end of practical 188bet apk (2 hours) | 2 |
| 13 | Chapter 4 Daily practical 188bet apk | 6 |
| 14 | Section 1Overview of Daily Practical Writings (1 credit hour) | 1 |
| 15 | Section 2Writing of announcements (1 credit hour) | 1 |
| 16 | Section 3Cover letter 188bet apk (2 credit hours) | 2 |
| 17 | Section 4Writing Application Letters for Admission to English-speaking Countries (2 Credit 188bet apk) | 2 |
| 18 | Chapter 5 188bet apk legal documents | 28 |
| 19 | Section 1 Overview of statutory documents (4 188bet apk) | 4 |
| 20 | Section 2Command (order) (increased content, 1 credit hour) | 1 |
| 21 | Section 3Decision Resolution Meeting Minutes (Decision、Resolved to add content，4 188bet apk) | 4 |
| 22 | Section 4Gazette Announcement Announcement (Added content, 4 188bet apk) | 4 |
| 23 | Section 5Proposal Opinions (3 188bet apk) | 3 |
| 24 | Section 6Report request for approval (6 188bet apk) | 6 |
| 25 | Section 7Notification (4 188bet apk) | 4 |
| 26 | Section 8Letter (2 credit 188bet apk) | 2 |
| 27 | Chapter 6 Business document 188bet apk | 18 |
| 28 | Section 1Overview of business documents (2 188bet apk) | 2 |
| 29 | Section 2Investigation Report (2 188bet apk) | 2 |
| 30 | Section 3Plan (2 188bet apk) | 2 |
| 31 | Section 4Summary report (4 188bet apk) | 4 |
| 32 | Section 5Presentation (2 188bet apk) | 2 |
| 33 | Section 6Speech (2 188bet apk) | 2 |
| 34 | Section 7Special letters (increased content, 2 188bet apk) | 2 |
| 35 | Section 8Public announcement (increased content, 2 188bet apk) | 2 |
| 36 | Chapter 7 Common news 188bet apk | 6 |
| 37 | Section 1Overview of News Style (1 credit hour) | 1 |
| 38 | Section 2Message (2 188bet apk) | 2 |
| 39 | Section 3Communication (2 188bet apk) | 2 |
| 40 | Section 4News Review (1 credit hour) | 1 |
| 41 | Chapter 8 Commonly Used Economic Documents | 10 |
| 42 | Section 1Economic Contracts and Agreements (4 188bet apk) | 4 |
| 43 | Section 2Product advertising, product manuals (4 188bet apk) | 4 |
| 44 | Section 3Market research report (2 188bet apk) | 2 |
| 45 | Chapter 9 Common Litigation Documents | 8 |
| 46 | Section 1Overview (1 credit hour) | 1 |
| 47 | Section 2Plaints (2 188bet apk) | 2 |
| 48 | Section 3Appeal (2 188bet apk) | 2 |
| 49 | Section 4Complaint (2 188bet apk) | 2 |
| 50 | Section 5Reply (1 credit hour) | 1 |
| 51 | Chapter 10 188bet apk of Scientific and Technical Documents | 6 |
| 52 | Section 1Overview of scientific and technological documents (1 credit hour) | 1 |
| 53 | Section 2Abstracts and abstracts (2 188bet apk) | 2 |
| 54 | Section 3Scientific and technological papers (3 credit 188bet apk) | 3 |
| 55 | Chapter 11 Application | 6 |
| 56 | Section 1Overview of thesis (1 credit hour) | 1 |
| 57 | Section 2Characteristics of application theory (1 credit hour) | 1 |
| 58 | Section 3The structure of thesis (1 credit hour) | 1 |
| 59 | Section 4Writing techniques for essays (3 188bet apk) | 3 |
| Total | 108 |
(5) Teaching methods
This course is highly practical and can be used in teaching2:1’s class schedule, that is, theoretical lectures2Lessons, 188bet apk practice1Proportion of class hours，While focusing on teaching theoretical knowledge，Enable students to learn and live through the analysis of typical cases、Use theoretical knowledge to life，And adopt the method of classroom and after-class 188bet apk exercises，Enable students to learn 188bet apk in various styles，Strengthen its practical ability。
2. This article
Chapter 8The origin, characteristics and functions of practical 188bet apk
Teaching points:
The main contents of this chapter include the meaning and characteristics of practical 188bet apk and practical 188bet apk、The origin and development of applied 188bet apk、Learn the meaning and methods of applied 188bet apk。Pass the study of this chapter，Enable students to understand the basic concepts and characteristics of practical 188bet apk，Master the difference between applied 188bet apk and general article 188bet apk，Generally understand the emergence and development process of applied 188bet apk。
Teaching 188bet apk:
4Lessons
Teaching content:
Section 1 The emergence and development of practical 188bet apk (2 credit hours)
1. The production of practical articles
2. Brief clues to the development of applied 188bet apk
(1) Qin and Han Dynasties
(2) Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties period
(3) Sui, Tang and Song Dynasties
(4) Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties
(5) The main methods to improve the ability of applied stylistic 188bet apk in the historical period after the Revolution of 1911
Section 2 Characteristics and functions of practical 188bet apk (2 hours)
1. Characteristics of practical 188bet apk
(1) Practicality of value
(2) The pattern of construction
(3) Simplicity of expression
2. The function of practical 188bet apk
(1) Functions of laws and regulations
(2) Command and management functions
(3) Connection and coordination functions
(4) Publicity and educational functions
(5) Voucher and basis functions
Chapter 9Authors, texts and readers of practical articles
Teaching points:
This chapter is from the author、Text、Readers elaborated on the particularity of applied 188bet apk in three aspects。Through learning, students can understand the composition of applied 188bet apk authors，Characteristics of thinking style；Master the components of practical texts；Understand the multiple identities and acceptance mentality of readers of practical articles，Thus cultivating the&ldquo of practical writers;Reader awareness”。
Teaching 188bet apk:
6Lessons
Teaching content:
Section 1Author of practical articles (2 credit 188bet apk)
1. Composition of authors of practical articles
(1) Group author
(2) Personal author
(3) Author
(4) Endorsing author
2. The way of thinking of the author of practical articles
(1) Object-oriented thinking
(2) Patterned thinking
(3) Empathy
3. The accomplishment and ability of the author of practical articles
(1) Cultivation of writers of practical articles
(2) Author’s 188bet apk ability
Section 2Text of practical essays (3 188bet apk)
1. Classification of application texts
(1) Classification Principles
(2) Text type
2. Elements of application text
(1) Characteristics of the Purpose
(2) Material requirements
(3) Structural specifications
(4) Style characteristics
Section 3Reader of practical articles (1 credit hour)
一、Types of readers of applied articles
(1) Divided by status，Readers can be divided into readers、Three types: ordinary readers and professional readers
(2) Divided according to acceptance status，Readers can be divided into two types: designated readers and directional readers
2. Reading characteristics of practical readers
(1) Readers are functional readers
(2) Readers are close recipients
(3) Readers are the realizers of text functions
Chapter 10The 188bet apk process of practical essays
Teaching points:
By studying this chapter, students will understand that applied 188bet apk has a strong ";Practicality”and“Functionality”，Objective needs are the cause of applied 188bet apk，Survey research is the logical starting point for applied 188bet apk，Learn to express yourself correctly in the 188bet apk process，After the first draft is completed, it needs to be revised carefully，Finally finalized。
Teaching 188bet apk:
10Lessons
Teaching content:
Section 1 Objective needs are the cause of practical 188bet apk (2 hours)
1. Types of objective needs
(1) Administrative management needs
(2) Need for transaction processing
(3) The need for interpersonal communication
(4) Needs for specialized business
2. The guiding role of objective needs in the 188bet apk process
(1) Form 188bet apk intention
(2) Specified language selection
(3) Decide the way of expression
Section 2 Investigation and research are the prerequisite for practical 188bet apk (3 hours)
1. Objects of investigation and research
(1) Factual materials
(2) Policy materials
(3) Intelligence information
2. Investigation methods and methods
(1) Investigation method
1． general survey
2． Non-universal survey
(2) Investigation methods
1． field investigation
2． Literature survey
3． Questionnaire
4． Web search
3. Research methods
(1) Organizing materials
(2) Analysis materials
Section 3 Correct expression is the key to practical 188bet apk (3 hours)
1. Identify the language
(1) Analyze the 188bet apk intention to choose the genre
(2) Identify the language type based on its characteristics
(3) Select the type of text based on the direction of 188bet apk
2. Select text mode
(1)“With”——“thing”——“Broken”Formula
(2)“Broken”——“thing”——“Analysis”Formula
(3)“thing”——“Analysis”——“Broken”Formula
3. Choose the appropriate expression style
(1) Style rules of practical 188bet apk
(2) Language skills for practical 188bet apk
4. Use appropriate expressions
(1) Description of practical articles
(2) Discussion on practical articles
(3) Description of application text
Section 4 Revising and finalizing the draft is the end of practical 188bet apk (2 hours)
1. Clearly modify the object
(1) Check whether the 188bet apk purpose is accurately reflected
(2) Check whether the facts, basis and data are accurate and precise
(3) Check whether the structural pattern conforms to stylistic standards
(4) Check whether the style and language are appropriate and accurate
(5) Check whether punctuation marks are used appropriately
2. Modify the verification method
(1) Actively solicit opinions from leaders and experts
(2) Hold a small meeting to discuss
(3) The author repeatedly corrects himself
Chapter 11 Daily practical 188bet apk
Teaching points:
By studying this chapter, students can master the nature and characteristics of daily practical 188bet apk，Master the 188bet apk requirements of several commonly used daily practical articles and be able to actually write them。
Teaching 188bet apk:
6Lessons
Teaching content:
Section 1 Overview of Daily Practical Writings (1 credit hour)
一、Characteristics of daily practical 188bet apk
(1) Clear object and clear purpose
(2) Fixed 188bet apk format
(3) Strong timeliness
(4) Simple, concise and accurate language
2. Classification of daily practical articles
(1) Social Etiquette
(2) Announcement Class
(3) Voucher class
(4) Letters
(5) Application category
3. The role of daily practical 188bet apk
(1) Interpersonal communication
(2) Function based on voucher
(3) The role of advertising
(4) Value of historical data
Section 2 188bet apk of announcements (1 credit hour)
一、Definition of notice
2. Characteristics of announcements
(1) Publicity
(2) Extensiveness
(3) Informative
(4) Help-seeking
3. Classification of Notices
(1) Recruitment
(2) Searching for classes
(3) Declaration class
4. Structural specifications of notices
(1)Title
(2)Text
(3) Signing
5. 188bet apk of recruitment notice
Section 3 Cover letter 188bet apk (2 credit hours)
一、Concept of cover letter
2. How to write a cover letter
(1) What job are you looking for
(2) Why are you seeking
(3) Why do you ask for it
3. Cover letter 188bet apk requirements
(1) Targeted content
(2) Language, emotion and 188bet apk
(3) Pay attention to the art of 188bet apk
(4) Properly arrange the 188bet apk structure
Section 4 188bet apk Application Letters for Admission to English-speaking Countries (2 Credit Hours)
一、Envelope
2. Letter
(1) Letterhead
(2) Address of recipient
(3) Subject
(4) Wishes
(5) End of letter
3. Column order of personal resume
Chapter 12 188bet apk legal documents
Teaching points:
By studying this chapter, students can master the nature and standard style of statutory documents，Understand the characteristics of administrative documents、Function；Understand the differences between different languages，Master the 188bet apk requirements of commonly used statutory documents and be able to actually write them。
Teaching 188bet apk:
28Lessons
Teaching content:
Section 1 Overview of statutory documents (4 188bet apk)
1. The nature and function of statutory documents
(1) Nature of statutory documents
(2) The role of statutory documents
2. Types and characteristics of statutory documents
(1) Types of statutory documents
(2) Characteristics of statutory documents
3. Format of statutory documents
(1) Header part
1． Identification of issuing authority
2． Send text number
3． secret level
4． Urgency
5． Issuer
6． Part number
(2) 188bet apk part
1. title
2． Main delivery mechanism
3． text
4． Attachments and Attachment Description
5． Issuing authority
6． Date of 188bet apk
7． seal
8. Note
(3) End of the text
1． Cc authority
2． Print and issue logo
4. Basic requirements for drafting official documents
Section 2 Command (order) (increased content, 1 credit hour)
1. Literary characteristics of orders
(1) Carrier
(2) Mandatory
(3) Authoritativeness
(4) Seriousness
(5) Specificity
2. Structural pattern of commands (commands)
(1)Title
(2) Number
(3) Text
(4) Signature
(5) Date of 188bet apk
3. 188bet apk requirements for orders (orders)
(1) The language must be particularly precise
(2) Dialectically grasp the content structure
(3) Reflecting the overwhelming literary momentum
Section 3 Decision Resolution Meeting Minutes (Decision、Resolved to add content，4 188bet apk)
1. Decision
(1) Determined literary characteristics
(2) Types of decisions
(3) Determined structural pattern
(4) 188bet apk requirements for decisions
II. Resolution
(1) Literary characteristics of resolutions
(2) Types of resolutions
(3) Structural model of resolution
(4) Resolution 188bet apk Requirements
3. Minutes of the meeting
(1) Literary characteristics of meeting minutes
(2) Types of meeting minutes
(3) Structural model of meeting minutes
(4) Requirements for 188bet apk meeting minutes
Section 4 Gazette Announcement Announcement (Added content, 4 188bet apk)
1. Communiqué
(1) Characteristics of the language of the communiqué
(2) Types of communiqués
(3) Structural model of the communiqué
(4) Requirements for communiqué 188bet apk
II. Announcement
(1) Characteristics of the language of the announcement
(2) Structural model of announcement
(3) Announcement 188bet apk requirements
3. Announcement
(1) Characteristics of the language of the notice
The difference between notice and announcement:
1.Different hair-making mechanisms
2.The release matters are different
3.Different release scope
4.Different publishing methods
5.Different publishing purposes
(2) Structural pattern of notification
(3) Notice 188bet apk requirements
1.The issuing entity must be the relevant department with relevant decision-making or execution rights for all relevant aspects of society，Especially the functional departments of people’s governments at all levels。
2.The matters released must be decisions and arrangements for a certain aspect of society。
3.The purpose and requirements of the release must be clear.
Section 5 Proposal Opinions (3 188bet apk)
1. Proposal
(1) Literary characteristics of the bill
(2) Structural model of the motion
(3) 188bet apk requirements for motions
2. Opinions
(1) Literary characteristics of opinions
(2) Structural model of opinions
(3) Opinion 188bet apk requirements
Section 6 Report request for approval (6 188bet apk)
1. Report
(1) Report language characteristics
(2) Types of reports
(3) Report structure mode
(4) Report 188bet apk requirements
2. Request for instructions
(1) Characteristics of request for instructions
(2) Types of requests
(3) Structural pattern of requesting instructions
(4) 188bet apk requirements for requests for instructions
3. Approval
(1) Characteristics of the language of the reply
(2) Structural model of approval
(3) 188bet apk requirements for approval
Section 7 Notification (4 188bet apk)
1. Notice
(1) Characteristics of the text of the notice
(2) Types of notifications
(3) Structural pattern of notification
(4) 188bet apk requirements for notice
II. Notification
(1) Notified language characteristics
(2) Types of notifications
(3) Structural model of notification
(4) 188bet apk requirements for notifications
Section 8 Letter (2 credit 188bet apk)
1. Characteristics of letter genres
2. Types of letters
(1) Application letter
(2) Negotiation letter
(3) Inquiry letter
(4) Reply letter
(5) Notification letter
3. Function structure pattern
(1) How to write a negotiation letter
(2) How to write an inquiry letter
(3) How to write a reply letter
(4) How to write a notification letter
(5) How to write an application letter
3. Letter 188bet apk requirements
(1) Clear narrative and coherent reasoning
(2) Short and concise, pay attention to technique
(3) Cannot use “Letter”Forgot
Chapter 13 Business document 188bet apk
Teaching points:
Understand the investigation report、Plan、Summary、Articles、Regulations、The meaning of briefing documents and other business documents、Function、Categories and 188bet apk requirements，Learn to actually write several commonly used business documents。
Teaching 188bet apk:
18credit 188bet apk
Teaching content:
Section 1 Overview of business documents (2 188bet apk)
一、Characteristics of business documents
(1) Management
(2) Consultative
(3) Concreteness
2. The role of transaction documents
(1) Act as a consultant to leadership in decision-making
(2) It has a regulatory and restrictive effect on specific work
(3) It has a cognitive function for readers
3. Requirements for 188bet apk business documents
(1) Master sufficient materials
(2) Be forward-looking
(3) Have a realistic 188bet apk attitude
Section 2Investigation Report (2 188bet apk)
1. The meaning and function of the investigation report
(1) Meaning: An investigation report is a written report based on the results of investigation and research。
(2) Function:
(3) Classification: Investigation reports are divided into comprehensive investigation reports and special investigation reports。
2. Basic 188bet apk method of investigation report
(1) Title: official document title、Article title、Main and subtitle。
(2) Foreword.
(3) Subject.
(4) Ending.
3. Requirements for 188bet apk investigation reports
(1) Possess materials abundantly;
(2) Analyze the materials carefully;
(3) Use materials accurately.
Section 3Plan (2 188bet apk)
1. Concept and classification of plans
(1) A plan is to complete a certain task or a certain period of time，A document that makes arrangements in advance。
(2) Classification of plans.
2. The structure of the plan.
(1)Title:
(2)Text
(3) The 188bet apk form of the subject: clause、Partial formula、Subtitle style。
3. Plan preparation requirements
It is necessary to understand the superior’s intention，And be familiar with your actual situation，Attitude Science，Predictive and flexible，Accurate and concise language。
Section 4 Summary and report (4 188bet apk)
1. Summary
Summary is a systematic review and analysis of a certain period or a certain piece of work、Written materials written for inspection and evaluation。
(1) Function.
1． Understand the situation comprehensively and systematically;
2． Sum up experience and find gaps;
3． Improve leadership level and take the initiative in work.
(2) Category.
1． Can be divided into jobs according to nature、Production、Thoughts、Study、Meeting summary, etc.。
2． Can be divided into individuals according to scope、Unit、Department、Region、Country summary, etc.。
3． Can be divided into months according to time、Quarter、half a year、Year、Stage summary, etc.。
4． According to the content, it can be divided into comprehensive summary and special summary.
(3) 188bet apk method.
1. title。With official document title、News style title、Three forms including main title and subtitle。
2． Preface。Mainly summarized、Three ways to write questions and prompts。
3． main body。The basic content is: basic situation、Experience、Problem Lessons、Direction of efforts。
The 188bet apk format is: through type, article type, and title type.
(4) Summary 188bet apk requirements: seek truth from facts、Highlight the key points、Focus on analysis、Rigorous structure。
2. Work report
(1) Similarities and differences between work report and summary
(2) Types of work report
(3) How to write a work report
(4) 188bet apk requirements for work report
Section 5Presentation (2 188bet apk)
1. Types of briefings.
(1) Work briefing.
(2) Special briefing.
(3) Meeting briefing.
2. Characteristics of the briefing:
Simple, accurate, fast and new.
3. Format of presentation:
(1) Header。Header part consists of name、Issue、Compilation and printing unit、Time、Four items。
(2)Text。The text includes the title、Content、Author。
(3) Tail end。Including reporting、cc、Issue、Print runs and other contents。
Section 6 Speech (2 188bet apk)
一、Characteristics of the speech
(1) Pragmatic
(2) Audibility
(3) Call to action
2. How to write the speech
(1) How to write the title
(2) How to write titles
(3) How to write the text
3. Speech 188bet apk requirements
(1) The writer must have someone in mind
(2) It must have sufficient audibility
(3) Consult extensively before speaking
Section 7 Special letters (increased content, 2 188bet apk)
1. Thank you letter
(1) Format of thank you letter.
(2) Requirements for 188bet apk thank-you letters.
2. Letter of Commendation
(1) Format of a letter of commendation.
(2) Requirements for 188bet apk letters of praise.
(3) The difference between a letter of praise and a letter of thanks.
3. Letter of condolences
(1) Types of condolence letters.
(2) Format of condolence letter.
(3) Requirements for 188bet apk condolence letters.
4. Proposal
(1) Format of proposal letter.
(2) Requirements for 188bet apk proposals.
Section 8 Announcement (increased content, 2 188bet apk)
一、Language characteristics
2. Structural mode
(1)Title
(2)Text
1.Public content
2.Publicity period and contact information
(3) Signing
3. 188bet apk Points
(1) Use the language name correctly，Do not mix or overlap with other languages
(2) The release form must be appropriate
(3) The content must be complete and true
(4) The language must be accurate and refined
Chapter 14 Common news 188bet apk
Teaching points:
Understand the characteristics of news style。Get the news、The structure and 188bet apk method of communication。
Teaching 188bet apk:
6credit 188bet apk
Teaching content:
Section 1Overview of News Style (1 credit hour)
1. The concept of news style
News is the report of recent facts that are valuable for communication。The broad news genre includes newspapers、Commonly used messages on the radio、Communication、News reviews and other news reporting article genres；News genre in a narrow sense only refers to one type of news。What we are talking about here is the broad concept of news style。
2. Characteristics of news style
(1) Authenticity.
(2) Trendiness. Trendiness usually has two meanings.
3. Functions of News and Style
The basic function of news style is to report facts and disseminate information.
Section 2Message (2 188bet apk)
1. The concept of message
News is a short report of recent facts that have communication value。A complete message，Generally, five elements should be present，ie: when、Where、Who、What’s the matter、Why。
2. Message categories
(1) Dynamic news。It is a report on the latest developments and facts at home and abroad，Includes ongoing or recent events and activities。
(2) Experience news。It is for a certain region、The successful practice of a certain department or individual、Fresh experience、Reports of advanced deeds。
(3) Comprehensive news。Refers to surrounding a certain issue or event，A comprehensive review of the overall situation in a certain period、Summary report。
3. Characteristics of messages
(1) Focus on objective narrative.
(2) Short length.
(3) Unique structure.
The structural components of the message are: title、Introduction、Subject、End、Five parts of background。The basic structure form of the message is“Inverted Pyramid”structure，The most important thing、The freshest facts at the front，Other facts and details are listed in order of decreasing importance。
4. Message 188bet apk
(1) Preparation of title.
Introduction: introduce the background, enhance the atmosphere, and lead to the main topic.
Main topic: Give a summary of the central content of the message.
Subtitle: Make up for the shortcomings of the main topic and serve as a supplement and annotation.
(2) Refining the introduction.
The introduction is a concentrated summary of the main content of the message.
(3) Expansion of the subject.
(4) Use of background materials.
Materials that introduce the historical conditions and environment in which news facts are produced are called background materials of the news。Background materials can be divided into contrasting materials、Three kinds of illustrative materials and annotative materials。
(5) Ending。In most cases，Message does not have to have an end。Common ending methods for messages that need to end include summary style、Heuristic、Hope style、Commentary、Inspirational style, etc.。
Section 3Communication (2 188bet apk)
1. The concept of communication
The communication is specific and detailed、A style of 188bet apk that vividly reports newsy people and events。
2. Categories of communication
(1) Character communication.
(2) Event Communication。Should be event-centric，188bet apk mainly，188bet apk as a supplement。
(3) Work communication.
(4) Style communication.
3. Characteristics of communication
(1) The content is specific and detailed.
(2) The structure is eclectic.
(3) Various expression methods.
(4) The language is vivid and vivid.
4. How to write communications
(1) Grasp the news value of the reporting object。News value mainly refers to the communication effect of the reported object in society。
(2) Cleverly arrange the structure.
(3) Pay attention to the detailed description.
(4) Appropriate discussion and emotion.
Section 4News Review (1 credit hour)
1. The concept of news commentary
News commentary is a special news genre that reflects major events and issues in the form of narrative and discussion。
2. Categories of news reviews
Situation review, state of affairs review, work review, ideological review
3. Characteristics of news reviews
(1) Focus on describing facts.
(2) For the purpose of commenting on facts.
4. 188bet apk of news reviews
(1) The argument must be well-targeted.
(2) The expression should be a mixture of description and commentary.
(3) The language should be concise and accurate.
Chapter 8 Commonly Used Economic Documents
Teaching points:
Understand the characteristics of economic documents、Function、188bet apk methods and requirements。Master the market research report、Contract、188bet apk of economic documents such as product manuals。
Teaching 188bet apk:
10credit 188bet apk
Teaching content:
Section 1Economic Contracts and Agreements (4 188bet apk)
1. The concept, characteristics and functions of economic contracts
(1) The concept of economic contract。An economic contract is between legal persons or between legal persons and natural persons to achieve certain economic purposes，In accordance with legal provisions，A written agreement to determine mutual rights and obligations。
(2) Characteristics of economic contracts.
(3) The role of economic contracts.
2. Forms and categories of economic contracts
(1) Form of economic contract.
(2) Types of economic contracts.
3. Basic 188bet apk method of economic contract
(1) Basic content of economic contract.
(2) Basic structure of economic contract.
(3) The basic structure of foreign-related economic contracts.
4. Basic 188bet apk method of agreement
(1) The concept of agreement。An agreement refers to a document entered into by two or more parties to reach an agreement on certain points and principles related to economic issues or other matters。
(2) How to write the agreement。The agreement generally consists of a title、Text、The signature consists of three parts。
Section 2Product advertising, product manuals (4 188bet apk)
1. The concept, characteristics and functions of product advertising
(1) The concept and characteristics of product advertising.
(2) The role of product advertising.
2. Types and basic 188bet apk methods of product advertisements
(1) Types of product advertising。Classified by communication form，There are newspapers and periodicals、Broadcast、TV、Network、Vehicles and ships、Plaque、Mail and on-site advertising。
(2) Theme of product advertising。It is the central idea to be expressed in the advertisement，Determine the advertising theme based on the characteristics of the product、Based on market demand and consumer psychological factors。
(3) The structure and 188bet apk method of product advertisements.
3. 188bet apk product instructions
(1) The concept of product manual。The product manual is the production department’s introduction to the product principles、Performance、Features、Craftsmanship、Application text on functions and usage。
(2) How to write product instructions。No fixed pattern，But in general，There are two types: short article type and clause type。
The format of product manual generally consists of title、Composed of text and signature。
Section 3 Market research report (2 188bet apk)
1. The concept, characteristics and functions of market research reports
(1) The concept of market research report: A market research report is a written report based on market research。
(2) Characteristics of market research reports.
(3) The role of market research reports.
2. Types of market research reports
3. 188bet apk and requirements for market research reports
(1) Steps and methods of market research.
(2) The structure of the market research report.
(3) Requirements for 188bet apk market research reports.
Chapter 9 Common Litigation Documents
Teaching Points
Understand the concept of litigation documents、Features；Understand the different functions of various pleadings and the different objects they are applicable to；Learn the structure of commonly used pleadings、Asana。
Teaching 188bet apk
8credit 188bet apk
Teaching content
Section 1Overview (1 credit hour)
1. Concept and classification of litigation documents
Litigation documents refer to criminal matters、Civil、Administrative case litigation in progress，By judicial authorities、A document with legal effect or legal significance submitted by the parties or their agents based on the facts, laws and procedures。
There are many types of litigation documents，What this chapter is about，Refers only to pleadings commonly used by litigants。Main complaint、Appeal、Complaint、Reply, etc.。
2. Characteristics and functions of litigation documents
(1) Characteristics of litigation documents.
(2) The role of litigation documents.
(3) The style of litigation documents.
Section 2Plaints (2 188bet apk)
1. Criminal Complaint
A criminal complaint is a lawsuit filed by the private prosecutor or his agent in a criminal case to the People's Court based on the facts and law，Accusing the defendant of infringing on his own rights，Pleading requesting criminal liability。
(1) Characteristics and functions of criminal complaints.
(2) The structure of criminal complaint.
(3) How to write the criminal complaint.
II. Civil Complaint
A civil complaint is a lawsuit filed by the civil plaintiff or his agent in the People's Court regarding disputes over civil rights and obligations，A petition requesting legal protection。
(1) Characteristics and functions of civil complaints.
(2) Structure of civil complaint.
(3) 188bet apk method and requirements of civil complaint.
3. Administrative Complaint
Administrative complaint refers to the citizens of administrative litigation、Legal persons or other organizations file lawsuits in the People’s Court because they are dissatisfied with the specific actions of state administrative agencies，Pleading requesting a hearing on the referee。
(1) Characteristics of administrative complaints.
(2) The structure of administrative complaint.
(3) How to write an administrative complaint.
Section 3Appeal (2 188bet apk)
1. Criminal Appeal
A criminal appeal is when a litigant or his agent is dissatisfied with the first-instance judgment or ruling and requests the higher-level people's court to revoke it according to law、Pleading to change the original judgment or rehear the original case。
(1) Characteristics and functions of criminal appeals.
(2) The structure of criminal appeal.
(3) How to write a criminal appeal.
II. Civil Appeal
Civil appeal refers to the parties to a civil lawsuit or a third party with an independent right to claim，Due to dissatisfaction with the first-instance judgment or ruling of the People’s Court，File an appeal to the higher people’s court in accordance with the law，Request to withdraw、Pleading to change the original judgment or rehear the original case。
(1) Characteristics and functions of civil appeals.
(2) The structure of the civil appeal.
(3) How to write a civil appeal。The most important way to write a civil appeal is the rebuttal method，Use this method，Three issues should be noted:
3. Administrative Appeal
Administrative appeal means that the parties involved in administrative litigation are dissatisfied with the judgment or ruling of the people's court of first instance，Request to be revoked by the People’s Court at the next higher level in accordance with the law、Pleading to change the original judgment or rehear the original case。
(1) Characteristics of administrative appeal petition.
(2) The structure of the administrative appeal.
(3) How to write an administrative appeal.
It is written in roughly the same way as civil and criminal appeals.
Section 4Complaint (2 188bet apk)
The complaint is a party to the criminal proceedings、Victims and their families or other citizens，Parties or their agents in civil litigation and administrative litigation，A legally effective judgment、When the ruling deems it wrong and refuses to accept it，File a complaint to the People’s Court or People’s Procuratorate，Pleading requesting reexamination of the case。
1. Characteristics and functions of the complaint
(1) A petition is a written appeal against a legally effective judgment or ruling that is erroneous，No time limit。
(2) The complaint means that the specific agency and personnel with the right to initiate trial supervision procedures understand the legally effective judgment、One of the important sources of information to determine whether there are errors。
(3) The petition does not necessarily lead to the second instance procedure like the appeal petition，It can only be used as reference material to determine whether trial supervision proceedings will occur。
(4) The petition can correct the adjudication that has taken effect and indeed made errors，Retrial。
2. Structure of Complaint
(1) Title.Should indicate&ldquoaccording to different types of appeals;XX Complaint”。
(2) Basic personal information of the complainant.
(3) Reasons for appeal.
(4) Request matters.
(5) Facts and reasons.
(6) Ending.
3. How to write the complaint
(1) Method of proof.
(2) Methods of refutation.
(3) Method of explanation.
Section 5Reply (1 credit hour)
The defense refers to criminal matters、Civil、Defendants in administrative litigation activities、The respondent against the plaintiff、Appellant’s complaint、A written reply or defense to the content alleged in the appeal petition。
1. Characteristics and functions of the defense statement
(1) The defense is a response to the other party’s accusations and litigation claims、Defense documents，has obvious refutation characteristics。
(2) The defense is to protect the defendant、Pleadings on the legal rights and interests of the appellee，It is the law that gives the defendant、An important litigation right of the appellee。If the party does not submit a statement of defense，Does not affect the court’s hearing of the case。
(3) The respondent is the defendant、A form of explanation of the legal action of the respondent。
(4) The objects of defense and complaint are different，The former is for complaints and appeals，The latter refers to the judgment or ruling of the People’s Court。
(5) Using the statement of defense is helpful for the People’s Court to fully understand and grasp the facts of the case，Determine the case fairly and reasonably，Conducive to protecting the legitimate rights and interests of the parties。
2. Structure of the Reply
(1) Title.
(2) Basic personal information of the respondent.
(3) Reasons for defense.
(4) Contents of defense.
(5) Reply comments.
(6) Ending.
3. How to write a statement of defense
(1) Methods of refutation.
(2) Methods of establishing arguments.
Chapter 10 188bet apk of Scientific and Technical Documents
Teaching points:
Understand the concept of scientific and technological documents、Classification，Master the Digest、How to write abstracts and academic papers。
Teaching 188bet apk:
6credit 188bet apk
Teaching content:
Section 1 Overview of scientific and technological documents (1 credit hour)
1. The significance of learning scientific and technical document 188bet apk
2. Classification of scientific and technological documents
(1) Science and Technology Information
(2) Science and Technology Reports
(3) Technology management and affairs
(4) Scientific and technological papers
3. Characteristics of scientific and technological documents
(1) Content characteristics of scientific and technological documents
(2) Stylistic characteristics of scientific and technological documents
Section 2 Abstracts and abstracts (2 188bet apk)
1. Common characteristics of abstracts and abstracts
(1) Conciseness of text
(2) Condensation of content
(3) Extensive application
II. Abstract
The abstract is concise、A short article that accurately expresses the important content of scientific and technological documents。
(1) Types of abstracts
(2) Items and 188bet apk of abstracts
(3) Things to note when 188bet apk
3. Summary
(1) Types of feeds
(2) 188bet apk requirements for abstracts
Section 3Scientific and technological papers (3 credit 188bet apk)
Scientific and technological papers refer to articles reflecting new scientific and technological achievements。It includes theoretical discussions describing innovative research results；Scientific record of some experimental or observational new knowledge；Scientific summary of the application of certain technologies or principles to actual new progress, etc.。
1. Topic selection and material collection of scientific papers
When selecting a topic，Those topics with high academic value and application value should be selected。At the same time，We should also pay attention to those topics that have potential for development。Also，Subjective conditions should also be considered when choosing a topic。
2. 188bet apk of scientific papers
(1) Write an outline.
(2) Write the first draft.
1． Essay title.
2． Author's signature and affiliation.
3． Abstract and keywords.
4． introduction.
5． text.
6． References.
(3) Modification and revision.
3. Things to note when 188bet apk
(1)Academic and scientific.
(2)The logic of reasoning and argumentation.
(3)Accuracy of language expression.
(4)Standardization and normalization.
(5)
Chapter 11 Application
Teaching points:
Through learning，Enable students to understand the 188bet apk process of essays more systematically，Understand the difference between essays and general compositions，Master the skills and methods of essay 188bet apk。
Teaching 188bet apk:
6credit 188bet apk
Teaching content:
Section 1 Overview of thesis (1 credit hour)
一、On the origin of this examination method
2. Purpose of application assessment
On the three abilities to assess civil servants:
(1) Policy theory level
(2) Ability to analyze and summarize specific problems
(3) Good written expression skills
Section 2 Characteristics of application theory (1 credit hour)
一、Flexibility of form
2. Extensiveness of materials
3. The correctness of the point of view
4. Policy orientation of content
5. Uncertainty of the answer
Section 3 The structure of thesis (1 credit hour)
一、Content structure of the argument
(1) Notes
(2) Background material
(3) Thesis answer requirements
2. The ability structure of application
(1) Reading comprehension ability
(2) Comprehensive analysis ability
(3) Problem-solving ability
(4) Language expression ability
Section 4 188bet apk techniques for essays (3 hours)
一、Techniques of reading materials
(1) Reading material requirements
1. Grasp the overall material
2. Hierarchical review materials
3. Allocate time reasonably
(2) Techniques of reading materials
1. Identification Reading
2. Understanding reading
3. Evaluation reading
4. Creative Reading
2. Techniques for summarizing key points
(1) Requirements for summarizing key points
1． Seeking accuracy
2． Seeking truth
3． seek depth
4． Seeking completeness
(2) Techniques for summarizing key points
1． Single analysis summary method
2． Classification analysis and summary method
3． Comprehensive analysis and summary method
3. Techniques for proposing countermeasures
(1) Requirements for proposing countermeasures
1． Countermeasures should be specific to the given material
2． Countermeasures must be reasonable
3． Countermeasures must be practical
(2) Techniques for proposing countermeasures
1． fixed point
2． position
3． Dingshu
4． Determined
4. Techniques of Countermeasure Argument
(1) Requirements for the argumentation process
(2) 188bet apk Techniques for Countermeasure Arguments
1． Reasoning, reasoning and argumentation
2． Comparative Theory of Argument
3． Metaphorical theory and argumentation method
4． Analytical Theory and Argument Method
5． Data Theory Argument Method
3. Bibliography
1、"Lecture on Official Document 188bet apk Techniques"，Yue Haixiang，China Literature and History Publishing House 2012 Edition。
2、"Practical 188bet apk"，Geng Yunqiao，Tsinghua University Press 2007 edition。
3、"Applied 188bet apk and Oral Expression"，Zhou Li，Beijing University of Technology Press 2006 Edition。
4、《Official Document 188bet apk Tutorial》，Yue Haixiang，Higher Education Press 2005 Edition
5、"Modern Practical 188bet apk Training Tutorial"，Dong Xiaoyu，Higher Education Press 2006 Edition
Guiding opinions on the use of teaching aids and modern educational technology in this course
Use multimedia to teach.